2005年大學聯考英語第二輪總複習講座之十Unit10 虛擬語氣

一、考點聚焦

1、虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中

（1）表示與現在事實相反的假設，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示與過去的事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/

could might + 動詞原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作相應調整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現在)

以下表格是虛擬語氣用於條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：

條件狀語從句 主 句

與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞

與現在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形

與將來事實相反 一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形

有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。如：

Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虛擬語氣用於名詞性從句

（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用。

①“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實現的願望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現在不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現的願望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等後的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。

作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should） + 動詞原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。

在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結構，表示驚奇、不相信、理應如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.

It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用

（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發生在過去，用過去完成時；指現在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：

He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虛擬語氣用於定語從句中。

這種從句常用於句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現在)該……”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

It’s high time we were going.

（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中。如：

If only I were a bird.

If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。

①情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現在日常會話中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

Would you be kind enough to close the door?

②用於一些習慣表達法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you.

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)

ks broken broken been broken

解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導的狀語從句如果與事實一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實相反，應用虛擬語氣。題中“當鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實際上鉛筆並未斷，與事實相反，前半部分陳述是一般現在時，因而本句是對一般現在時的虛擬，用were broken。

2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)

come come come

解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。

3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)

warned; would not take

been warned; would not have taken

d be warned; had not taken

d have been warned; had not taken

解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據下一句語境可知，他事先並沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。

三、專項訓練

1. It's a pity I didn't attend the lecture,but how I wish I______.

　 　d 　

2. They______to get back earlier,but they missed the train.

hoped 　 hoped 　d 　d hope

3. The teacher demanded that the exam______before eleven.

finish 　d be finished 　 finished 　 be finished

4. He is talking so much about America as if he______there.

been 　 　 　 been

5. Mother suggested that I______my homework first before watching TV.

　 　l do 　 done

6. His suggestion was that we______there by plane.

　 go 　ld be going 　 going

7. The commander ordered that the wounded______to hospital right away.

be sent 　 　 sent 　d send

8. If she had worked harder,she______.

d succeed 　 succeeded

ld succeed 　d have succeeded

9. Without electricity,human life______quite different today.

　d be 　 be 　d have been

10. -Did n scold her for her mistakes?

-Yes,but he______that.

ldn't have done that 　ld do

ldn't do 　ld have done

11. -Do you have a theatre ticket for tonight?

-No,but I wish I______.

12. He______the test,but he wasn't careful enough.

d have passed 　 able to pass

have passed 　t be able to pass

13. Without your help,we______so much.

not achieve 　't achieve

d not have achieved 　't achieve

14. -Was the housemaster strict?

-Yes,He requested that we______television on week nights.

not to watch 　 watch

be watching 　 not watched

15. -Why didn't you go to the dance last night?

-If I______tired,I would have.

n't 　't 　n't been 　't been

16. If he______,he______that foo　D.

been warned;would not have taken

warned;would not take

d be warned;had taken

d have been warned;had not taken

17. ______for your knowledge of the language,I should have been completely lost.

't it been 　 it were not

it not been 　 it been not

18. If only you______the plan.

carried out 　y out 　ying out 　ied out

19. ______your help,I would have passed the examination.

out 　 　 for 　 I had

20. I'd rather you______there yesterday.I'd rather you______there tomorrow.

't go;went 　't gone;should go

't go;should go 　't gone;went

21. The woman treats the boy as if he______her son.

22. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if(though)it______.

ks 　 broken 　 broken 　 been broken

23. Look at the looks as if it______rain.

　d 　 going to 　

24. I lost my way to your house,otherwise(or)I______you about it much earlier.

told 　 told 　ld tell 　d have told

25. The smile on his face suggested that he______.

found 　ld find 　 lost 　ld have found

26. It is natural that he______change his min　D.

　ld 　 　t to

27. What do you think of the proposal that we______a play at the English evening?

put on 　 put on 　ld put on 　 put on

28. It is about time you______the pills.

take 　 take 　n 　ld take

29. It's high time we______.

ted 　ting 　 start 　d start

30. I'm sorry that he______in such poor health.

d be 　ld be 　 be 　l be

31. Here's some money in case you______it.

ed 　ing 　ld need 　 need

32. But for the storm,we______long go.

ld have arrived 　 arrive 　ve 　ved

33. The old lady dresses as if it______winter even in summer.

be 　d be 　 　

34. I will take a taxi;so that I______there in time.

　d get 　d get 　 get

35. I'd rather you______anything about it for the time being.

　't 　't do 　't

36. How nice it______if you______a bit longer.

d be;could stay 　 be;could stay

be;can stay 　d be;can stay

37. He______you more help,but he has been so busy.

given 　d give 　 give 　d have given

38. I could go myself but I would sooner you______.

　 　 gone 　 gone

39. ______tomorrow,he would get home before Wednesday.

d he leave 　 he leaving

he leaves 　 he to leave

40. Should it rain,the crops______.

d be saved 　d have been saved

be saved 　 been saved

參考答案

1-10 DACDB ACDBA 11-20 CBCAD BCADB

21-30 CADBC ABDCA 31-40 CADBC ADBDA