高一英語重點詞語用法 (1)(新課標版高一英語教案教學設計)

來源:才華庫 2.66W

1.introduce[?intr+'dju:s]vt.

高一英語重點詞語用法 (1)(新課標版高一英語教案教學設計)

1)make persons known by name to one another:介紹,表示“把……介紹給……”常用下列結構:introduce sb. to sb. ,其中“to sb. ”也可省略。例如:

①He introduced a new teacher to us at the welcome meeting.

在歡迎會上,他給我們介紹了一位新老師。

②At the beginning of the class, the teacher usually says, “Let me introduce myself to you first. ”

在一開始上課時老師通常說:“讓我先來做一下自我介紹。”

③When one friend was introduced to another, they often say“How do you do?”to each other.

當一個朋友被介紹給另一個朋友的時候,他們常常時互致“你好?”。

④I'd like to introduce my teacher Miss Zhang to you here.

我想把我的老師張小姐給你們介紹一下。(注意:本句中 Miss Zhang 是my teacher的同位語。)

2)bring into use:引用

① He introduced a new method in teaching.

他在教學上引用了一種新的方法。

3)bring in for the first time 第一次引進

① Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.

土豆是從南美傳入歐洲的。

② Coffee was introduced to England from the Continent.

咖啡是從歐洲大陸引進到英格蘭的。

【注意】introduce的名詞形式是introduction,意為“介紹”。例如:

①This is a letter of introduction. 這是一封介紹信。

②I'm very glad to have an introduction at the beginning of the class.

一開始上課,我很高興做一下介紹。

2.nice[nais] adj. good, pleasant, kind:美好的;令人愉快的;友好的

① a nice day(book, taste, etc. )好天氣(書,味道等)

②The weather is very nice here. 這兒的天氣很好。

③ a nice trip to the Great Wall去長城的一次暢遊

④It's nice of you to invite us. 你邀請我們真是太好了。

⑤They are very nice to us. 他們對我們很友好。

【注意】nice的副詞形式是 nicely;最高階形式為 nicest,意為“最令人愉快的”。例如:

①This job fits me nicely. 這項工作很適合我來做。

②What is the nicest part of your holidays?

你假期中最愉快的是哪一段時間?

3.everyday['evridei]adj. happening or used daily: 每天的,日常的

① Knowing some everyday English will be helpful.

會一些日常英語會有所幫助的。

② The film is about the everyday life of the people in the U. S. A. 這是部關於美國人日常生活的電影。

【注意】 everyday 僅僅用作定語;當其分開寫成 every day時,是名詞短語,意為“每天”,在句中用作時間狀語。例如:

① Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging.

他們每天到附近的路上,站在那裡要飯。

4.employ[im'pl&:i]vt. 僱用

①He employs four men during the vacation. 假期期間他僱了四個人。

② Li Ming is employed in a restaurant. 李明受僱於一家飯店。

③Do you know the man who employed two children?

你認識那個僱傭了兩個童工的人嗎?

【注意】

1)employer n. 僱主;僱用者。

2)employee n. 受僱者;僱員

3)employment n. 僱用;職業;工人(不可數)。如:

He is looking for employment. 他在找職業。

4)unemployed adj. 失業的

5)unemployment n. 失業。又如:

① The employer is a person who employs others. 僱主是僱傭別人的人。

②In China the people who are unemployed are called laid-off workers.

在中國失業的人員被稱為下崗職工。

5.more [m&:]

1)adj. greater in number,quantity,quality,degree,size,ect;additional:數目更多的;更大量的;更佳的;程度更高的;更大的;附加的。例如:

①More than one person has made the suggestion.

不止一個人提出這個建議。

②Instead of fewer accidents there are more.

事故不但沒減少,反而增加了。

③ He has more money (chance,etc. )than ever.

他的錢(機會)比任何時候都多。

【注意】more為many或much的比較級形式。

①many----more----most修飾可數名詞。

②much----more----most修飾不可數名詞。

2)n. a great account or number 更大的量或數

----What more do you need?你還需要什麼?

----I don't need any more. 我不再要了。

3)adv. 放在多音節的形容詞或副詞前,構成形容詞或副詞比較級形式。

例如:

more useful----wonderful----beautiful;

more easily----slowly----foolishly

4)與more有關的一些短語:

(1)and what is more 更重要者;再者;更有甚者(=more important;serious)

① He told his classmates the matter, and what is more, he even told the teacher about it. 他把這件事告訴了他的同學,尤為嚴重的是,他還 將此事告訴了老師。

(2)more or less大致;差不多(=about;or so)。例如:

① It is five days'work more or less. 大概得做五天左右。

② It is an hour's ride more or less from here to the centre of the city.

從這兒開車去市中心大約需要一個小時。

(3)no more 再也不(=no longer)

①He broke away from our company last year,since then I have seen him no more. 他去年脫離了我們公司,此後,我再也沒有見過他。

(4)no more than 僅僅(=only)

①His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

他的整個學校教育加起來僅僅一年。

(5)not more than 不多於;不超過(=at most;just not as…as)。例如:

①There are not more than twelve people in the meeting room.

會議室至多不超過十二個人。

(6)more and more 越來越多(=increasingly)。例如:

①Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.

我們國家正變的越來越美麗。

②It seems that I spend more and more money on books.

我好像在買書上花的錢越來越多。

(7)once more 再一次(=again)

①Would you please tell the story once more?

請再講一遍這個故事好嗎?

6.water['w&:t+]

1)n. the liquid in rivers, lakes, seas, etc. 水

①Fish can't live without water. 魚兒沒有水就不能生活。

② sea-water海水

③mineral water 礦泉水

【注意】當 water用作複數(waters)時,意為“水域或海域”(=the body of water)。例如:

The waters in Changjiang rivers broke some of the banks. 長江的洪水在有些地方衝破了大堤。

2)v. give water to sth. or produce water

“澆水,灌溉;加水;淚水流出;流口水”。例如:

① It's very dry, and we must water the vegetable garden. 天很乾,我們應該澆菜園了。

② They were watering the streets. 他們正在街上灑水。

③Our ship watered at every port we visited.

我們的船每到一港口,就加水一次。

④ The smoke made my eyes water. 煙使我眼睛流淚。

⑤ The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water. 廚房的氣味使我直流口水。

7.along[+'l&R]

1)prep. following the line of:沿著……

along常跟road,street,river,line等表示狹長的名詞連用。例如:

①I saw her running along the street. 我看見他沿著大街奔跑。

② After supper we usually take a walk along the river.

晚飯後我們通常沿河散步。

2)adv. forward:向前

along常跟walk,move,run等表示位移的動詞連用。例如:

①He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一邊往前跑,一邊高聲的呼喊。

②Come along, please. 請過來吧。

8.情態動詞have to表示客觀需要做的事情,意思是“必須”,“不得不”。後跟動詞原形;而情態動詞must表示說話人的主觀的看法。例如:

①Oh, I have to wash all my clothes, clean the floor, and keep everything clean and tidy. 噢,我只得洗我所有的衣服,清理地板,而且使一切乾淨整潔。

②I must be off/leaving now. 現在我必須走啦。

③I must stop and get some sleep. 我必須停下來,睡上一會兒。

9.partner['pa:tn+]n. 搭檔,合作伙伴;舞伴。例如:

①Yang Mei is the partner of Zhou Lan's oral practice.

楊梅是周蘭口語練習的夥伴。

②We have been partners for many years since we knew each other.

我們從相識以來,是好多年的合作者了。

10.vacation[v+'keiM+n]為美國英語,用作名詞,意為“休假,假期”(=a time of rest from work),在英國英語中用holiday。例如:

① They are on vacation in Auckland. 他們在奧克蘭度假。

② I took a vacation at Qingdao last summer. 我去年夏天在青島度假。

【注意】 請病假不用 vacation或 holiday,而使用 take a day off。例如:

③ Tang Lin took a day off yesterday because of illness.

唐林昨天因病請了一天假。

11.hope和wish的用法區別

1)hope用作動詞時,後面可接不定式或 that從句,但不能接“賓語+不定式”。

①We hope to see you again. =We hope we can see you again.

我希望再次見到你。

② I hope you can help me with my maths. 希望你能幫助我學數學。

(不能說:I hope you to help me with my maths. )

2)wish後面接不定式或“賓語+不定式”都可以,其意義相當於“想要”,“希望”(=would like或 want)。wish接that從句時一般表示某種強烈而又難以實現的“願望”,而hope表示的是可以實現或能達到的“希望”。

例如:

① I wish to place an order right now. 我想馬上訂購。

②I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得進步。

③I wish I could fly like a bird. 但願我能象鳥一樣飛。

(從句中的could表示其動作不可能實現,不能用can。)

▲試比較:I hope he can do that. 我希望他會幹那件事。

(這句中can不能用could。)

3)wish可表示良好的“祝願”,後面接“賓語+賓補(形容詞或名詞)”,而hope不能這樣用。

② I wish you happy. 祝你幸福。

② I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。

【注意】不能說 I hope you happy/a pleasant journey.

4)在簡略句中,如要表示希望某事不會發生時,應說 I hope not,而不說Idon't hope so。表示希望某事會發生時,說 I hope so。

12.grow,plant,keep和raise的用法區別

1)grow和plant都可表示“種植”,如種植草、樹、苗、花卉、糧食等植物。

plant著重指“種植”這一行為,grow著重指種植以後的栽培、管理過程。

某人plant之後樹是死是活不一定管,但某人grow a tree 則包括培育管理,使其生長的過程。試比較:

① The students are planting trees on the hill.

學生們正在山坡上栽樹。(不用)

② How many trees have you planted this year?

你們今年植了多少棵樹?(不用grow)

③The farmer grows wheat in this field.

那位農民在這塊田裡種植的是小麥。(不用plant)

④People grow bananas in Hainan.

海南種植香蕉。(不用plant)

⑤He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden.

他在他的後花園裡種植了各種各樣的花。

2)keep可表示“贍養”,後面可接表示人或動物的名詞。不用來代替 plant 或grow。如:

① He has a wife and three children to keep.

他要養活妻子和三個孩子。

②My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶養豬養雞。

③ My uncle has a large family to keep.

我叔叔有一大家子人要養活。

3)raise除表示“詞養”(動物)以外,還可用來表示“養育”(子女);“培育”(植物)。

①We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.

今年我們種的西紅柿長得很好。

②My grandmother raised a family of five.

我祖母養育了五口之家。

③ Where were you raised?你是在哪兒長大的?

④ He raised some flowers in the back garden.

他在後花園裡種了一些花。

⑤ That was how the Chinese first raised silkworms.

中國人就是這樣開始養蠶的。

【注意】raise強調從小精心培養到大,通常指培養花卉以及較難管理的植物。

⑥ Let's grow/raise some flowers in the garden. 咱們在花園裡種些花吧。

⑦ We grow rice,wheat and cotton in my hometown.

在家鄉,我們種植水稻、小麥和棉花。(不宜用raise)

13.drive -詞的用法

1)=travel or go in a car意思是“駕車旅行”。如:

① I didn't drink,because I had to drive home after the party.

我沒喝酒,因為晚會以後我得開車回家。

② He drove me to the station. 他開車送我到車站。

③I drove eight hours/400 kilometres yesterday.

昨天我駕車行駛了八個小時/400公里。

④The policeman drove my car to the police station.

警察把我的車開到派出所。

2)=make people or animal go 意思是“趕”、“驅”。如:

①The farmer is driving many sheep to market.

那位農民正把許多羊趕到市場去。

②The Chinese people drove their enemies from/out of their country.

中國人民把敵人從他們的國土上趕了出去。

3)=cause sb. to be in a state意思是“迫使”,“逼迫”。如:

①The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.

街上人們的喧鬧聲幾乎使我發狂。

②He was driven by hunger to steal. =Hunger drove him to steal.

他因飢餓而被迫行竊。

4)drive用作名詞主要表示“開車”或“乘車”。如:

①The town is about half an hour's/forty minutes'/a two-hour/a 9-mile drive from here. 那鎮離這兒開車(或坐車)大約半小時/四十分鐘/兩小時/九英里的路途。

②Let's go out for a drive,shall we?我們出去開車兜兜風吧,好嗎?

14.behind -詞的用法

1)作為介詞behind主要有下面三種用法。

(1)=at the back of意思是“在……後面”,指地點。如:

① A dog ran from behind the tree.

一條狗從樹後面跑了出來。

②Walk close behind me. 緊跟在我後面走。

③There's a vegetable garden behind the house. 屋後有個菜園。

(2)=later than意思是“遲於”,指時間。如:

① The postman is behind his usual time today.

郵遞員今天比往常來得遲。

②In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.

我們國家的時間比北京時間遲十四小時。

(3)=not so advanced as…意思“不如……先進”,“落後於……”,如:

①That's a small country in Africa far behind its neighbours.

那是一個遠遠落後於鄰國的非洲小國家。

②They are behind us in education and science.

他們在教育與科學方面落後於我們。 2)作為副詞,behind 大致也能表示介同behind的意思。如:

①The others are a long way behind.

其他人落在後面很遠。(=at the back)

②The teacher asked Tom to stay behind after school.

老師讓Tom放學後留下來。(=stay after others have left)

③If you don't work hard,you'll fall behind.

如果你不努力,你會落後的(=fail to keep up).

15.prefer的用法

prefer是及物動詞,後面應接賓語,意為“更喜歡”(like better)。其過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞要雙寫字母r,然後加ed或ing。下面就其用法作一歸納。 1)接名詞、代詞作賓語。如:

①----Which would you prefer,tea or coffee?

----I prefer tea.

--咖啡和茶,你更喜歡哪一種?

--我較喜歡茶。

②People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour. 南方人愛吃米飯,而北方人較喜歡吃麵食。

2)接不定式、動名詞作賓語。在沒有明確指出比較物件時,用不定式、動名詞意義大致相同。如:

① I prefer to walk there. (I prefer walking there. )我寧願步行去那兒。

② He chose Spain,but personally I'd prefer to go to Greece. 他選了西班牙,但就我個人而言,我倒想去希臘。

3)在片語 prefer……to…中,to是介詞,其作用是引出兩個比較物件,因此,動詞prefer的賓語和介詞to的賓語在形式上應一致,可以是名詞、代詞或動名詞,不可用不定式。如:

①He said he preferred the country to the city.

他說城市和鄉村相比,他更喜歡農村。

②She prefers dancing to singing. 跳舞和唱歌相比,她更喜歡跳舞。

4)prefer…rather than…的結構中,要用“prefer to do …rather than do…”意為“寧願做……而不做……”。如:

① The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy. 這位戰士寧願死,也不在敵人面前屈服。

▲另外,prefer還可接that引導的賓語從句,相當於hope的用法;也可接複合賓語,即“prefer sb. to do…”“更希望某人幹……”。如:

① I'd prefer you not to go there alone. 我倒希望你不要單獨去那兒。

②We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way.

我倒希望他們用另一種方法去做。

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