人教版高二專題複習（三）--短文改錯
知識總結歸納：
短文改錯的題是一篇意思連貫，但有九行文字中各有一個語法或用詞錯誤的英語短文。它所涉及的知識面很廣，能力要求較高。而且題中所設的錯誤常常是考生自己在寫作中經常出的語法錯誤，是專門針對考生的弱點而設的。但它又從另一個角度考查了語法知識的運用。因此，做題時，應從以下幾個方面著手解題：動詞使用錯誤；名詞使用錯誤；形容詞，副詞使用錯誤；連詞使用錯誤；代詞使用錯誤；冠詞使用錯誤；介詞使用錯誤，上下文邏輯錯誤等。
在研究每一行的句子時，首先把握句子的意思，然後劃分句子的成分：主語；謂語部分；賓語；狀語：地點，時間，方式等。如果句子是並列句或複合句，先分開各部分小的分句，根據各個分句之間的關係判斷使用的連詞是否正確。然後再研究各個分句的成分。
（一）名詞使用錯誤：名詞一般在句中做主語或賓語，名詞的錯誤主要在於名詞單，複數的錯誤使用。
1. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.： question是可數名詞根據本句的意思，前面有lots of修飾，應當改為複數形式。
2. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.：subject是可數名詞根據本句的意思，前面有quite a few修飾，應當改為複數形式。
3. We practise three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.：根據本句的意思match在此應當改為複數形式。
4. Happy birthday, Peter, and many return of the day. ：return在此是名詞，應當改為複數形式：many returns of the day是祝賀人們生日的固定用語：祝你健康長壽。
5. He said that she and my schoolmate all wishes me success.：all 在句中提示了除我以外schoolmate應當是複數形式。
6. On the way up I was taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.：picture應當改成複數形式，因為作者一路上忙於照相，不止僅照一張像。
另外還要注意名詞所有格形式上的錯誤使用。
That kind of lie, a little, does two things: it keeps your friend feeling from being hurt….：根據句子意思：有時一個小小的謊言（善意的）可以使你的朋友的感情免遭傷害friend應當改為friend’s
（二）動詞使用的錯誤：
<一> 作為謂語動詞，注意謂語動詞在時態，語態，與主語是否一致以及用詞方面的問題。
1. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school team. ：全句的基本時態應當是現在時，was應改為am
2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.：主謂一致的錯誤。Give的主語是Playing football，動名詞作主語是單數形式，應改為：gives
3. I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.：前半句是說過去的事情used to do ：過去常常做某事。use改為：used
4. …the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down.：時態錯誤。全句是過去時態，passes 改為passed
5. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.：動詞形式的錯誤。句中有三個連續的動作做謂語。因此visit不是伴隨狀語，是第二個謂語動詞，應該為visited.
6. The Internet is a computer network that use the telephone system to link millions of computers around the world.：句中定語從句中的謂語動詞use 的主語是先行詞a computer network，是單數形式，所以按主謂一致的原則use改為：uses.
<二> 作為非謂語動詞，現在分詞，過去分詞，動名詞，不定式形式的使用錯誤，同時注意非謂語動詞在平行結構中出現的錯誤。
1. Not far from the hotel, there was a shop with all kinds of clothes hang up.：hang up在此做定語修飾先行詞clothes，應改為現在分詞形式表示掛著各種衣服。
2. He had worked on farms and in shops where he spent his spare time studied by himself.：定語從句是說：他把業餘時間花在學習上，按句型結構：spend some time doing something.所以studied應改為：studying.
<三> 形容詞，副詞使用錯誤：
注意：① 形容詞和副詞的比較級，原級，最高階使用方面的問題。② 修飾比較級的副詞的錯誤使用。③ 以ing和以ed結尾的形容詞的混用。④ 形容詞和副詞的混用。
1. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting：much修飾比較級形式，在此沒有比較級的意義，所以去掉much.
2. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.：形容詞與副詞混用。Have a wonderful time：過得非常愉快。wonderfully 改為：wonderful
3. …his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family who had no child.：本句含有so…that 句型。very改為：so
4. People will work few hours than they do now. ：這是一個含比較級的句子。（句中有than），few 改為比較級形式fewer
5. Computers will be more smaller and useful….：比較級smaller前面的修飾詞應該是副詞much。More與多音節形容詞或副詞原形構成比較級。more改為much
6. Last week, I went to a movie, which was very moved. 形容詞moved指人受到感動。本句的定語從句的主語是movie。應當是moving.
<四> 連詞使用錯誤：並列句連詞and與but的誤用是歷年大學聯考題中常考的內容。複合句如賓語從句，狀語從句，定語從句中主，從句的連線詞的誤用根據主從句的關係可以發現。
1. My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there.：前後兩句的關係是並列關係or應改為：and
2. My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 前後兩句是並列關係不具有轉折意義。but改為：and
3. It deosn’t matter that I would win or not. Matter後面的從句是whether…or not結構。That改為：whether
4. An Eskimo boy becomes a man since he kills his first polar bear.：根據句子意思：在Eskimo男孩殺死他的第一隻北極熊之後，才真正成為一名男子漢。Since改為：after
5. The fine-furniture store ∧I work has been in business since the 1920s.：I work是定語從句修飾先行詞The fine-furniture store，The fine-furniture store在從句中做地點狀語，應加關係副詞where.
解題思路：
首先要理解整個短文的含義，邏輯關係，篇章結構。再仔細研究每一句的意義。藉助劃分句子成分的方法判斷每一部分是否有錯誤。讀句子時一定以整句為單位。
【典型例題】
A（2004全國卷I）
Dear Ralph
I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would 1. from
describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 2. quiet
it seems always difficult for me to do things∧ well as 3. as
them. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as 4. at
a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. 5. √
Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they 6. why
don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other 7. talk
very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. strangers
once. I am trying to improve the situation since it dosen’t 9. but
seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 10. about去掉
分析：
1. 來自一個小鎮的新生。強調“來自於”用介詞：from
2. describe oneself as +形容詞，所以quietly改為quiet
3. 缺少連詞，這是同級比較結構as…as ，加上as
4. 介詞錯誤：片語laugh at somebody：嘲笑某人。
6. 賓語從句連詞的錯誤，that 本身沒有意義可以省略，本句是說：我不知道他們為什麼不喜歡我。
7. 時態錯誤，全篇用的是現在時。
8. 名詞單複數的錯誤，主語是we，賓語與主語呼應，應該是複數形式。
9. 這是一個並列句，前後為轉折關係。
10. 根據句子意思，about多餘。
B全國卷III2004
You can find all kinds ∧information in just 1. of
a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a tes
huge library without have to walk around to find 3. having
your books. Recently even though, many people 4. 去掉even
have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. 5. √
They have been reports in America about people 6. There
trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 7. personal
Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all 8. easy
information are good to society. For example, you 9. is
can find such information like how to kill people. 10. as
The problem will become more serious in the future.
分析：
1. all kinds of是固定片語，of 不能缺少.
2. a few 後面的名詞是複數形式。minute是可數名詞
3. without是介詞，後面跟動詞ing形式。
4. even though：即使，此處表示“雖然”。應去掉even
6. 此處表示：在美國有報道說…..應當用表示“有…”的句型：there be…
7. 此處表示“個人的資訊”，需要用形容詞做定語。personal：個人的。
8. is後面是形容詞形式。
9. information是不可數名詞。後面的謂語動詞用單數形式。
10. such…as是固定句型。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：45分鐘）
A
You can find all kinds information in just 1._____
a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a 2._____
huge library without have to walk around to find 3._____
your books. Recently even though, many people 4. _____
have been discussing the dangers of the Internet 5. _____
They have been reports in America about people 6. _______
trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 7._______
Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all 8.________
information are good to society. For example, you 9.________
can find such information like how to kill people. 10.________
The problem will become more serious in the future.
B
This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy, 1._________
The most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2._________
Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the world 3._________
but could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I just 4._________
couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I was 5. _________
about take a picture from a cooked duck, I saw Grandma in 6. _________
the kitchen looking at me. Shake her hand, she said, ‘It 7. _________
isn’t a good time to do that, dear.’ At once I apologize 8. _________
and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You 9. _________
know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 10. ________
【試題答案】
A
1. 在kinds後面加of ：all kinds of 是固定短語。這裡缺少了介詞of
2. 名詞“數”的錯誤, minute是可數名詞，有a few修飾， 應改為：minutes
3. have改為：having：without是介詞，後面的動詞應該是動名詞形式。
4. 去掉even：even though：即使。此處表示：雖然。
5. 此行正確。
6. They改為：There：本句表示：有一份報告。用there be 句型。
7. person改為：personal：此處指個人的資訊，應該用形容詞形式。
8. easily改為easy：be後面接形容詞。
9. are改為is：主語information是不可數名詞。
10. like改為as：such…as為固定句型，表示：象……這樣的……。
B
分析：
1. boy是可數名詞，第一次提到，前面必須加a
2. 本句是說：歡渡春節。When在此多餘.
3. 用詞不當，cooker：炊具。Cook：廚師。
4. 前後兩個分句是並列關係。
6. be about to do something 是固定句型。
7. Shake her hand在本句中做伴隨狀語。應該用ing形式。
8. 全句都在敘述過去的事，用過去時。
9. 本句是說：控制自己。賓語應改為反身代詞。
10. several後的名詞應是複數形式。
