英語四級考試備考複習資料
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one
environment factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that long excess salt intake can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating long successive generations of those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt intake, a resistant strain (the " R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, sensitive strain (the "S" strain) has also been developed.
The availability of these two strains permits investigations possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility (敏感性) of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
21. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out_______.
A. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
B. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
C. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
D. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
22. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their_______.
A. need for sodium 22 B. rate of mating
C. reaction to salt D. type of blood
23. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can be used to_______.
A. control high blood pressure
B. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
C. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats
D. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
24. The most beneficial results of the research might be_______.
A. development of diets free of salt
B. an early cure for high blood pressure
C. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
D. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
25. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
A. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
B. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.
C. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
D. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. D
英語四級考試備考複習資料2
名詞片語和固定搭配
1.介詞+名詞
by accident 偶然
on account of 因為，由於，為了……的緣故
in addition to 另外，加之
in addition 除…之外(還)
in the air 流傳中
on (the/an) average 按平均值，通常
on the basis of 根據，在…的基礎上
at best 充其量，至多
for the better 好轉，向好的方向發展
on board 在船(車或飛機)上
out of breath 喘不過氣來
on business 因公，因事
in any case 無論如何，不管怎樣
in case of 假如，如果發生;防備
in case 假使，以防(萬一)
in no case 決不，無論如何不
by chance 偶然，碰巧
in charge (of) 負責，管理
(a)round the lock 日夜不停地
in common 共用的，共有的
in conclusion 最後，總之
on condition (that) 如果
in consequence of 由於…的緣故，因為
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast with/to 與…對比起來，與…形成對比
out of control 失去控制
under control 處於控制之下
at all cots 不惜任何代價，無論如何
at the cost of 以…為代價
in the course of 在…過程中，在…期間
of course 當然，自然
in danger 在危險中，垂危
out of danger 脫離危險
out of date 過時的，不用的
up to date 現代化的，切合目前情況的
in demand 非常需要的.，受歡迎的
in debt 欠債，負債
in detail 詳細他
in difficulties 處境困難
in the distance 在遠處
off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的)
on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的)
on earth 究竟，到底
at all events 無論如何，不管怎樣
in any event 無論如何，不管怎樣
in the event of 萬一，倘若
for example 例如
in the face of 在…面前;不顧
in fact 其實，實際上
in favo(u)r of 贊同，支援
on fire 著火，起火
on foot 步行
in force 生效，有效;在實施中;大量的
in front of 在…面前，在…前面
in future 今後，從今以後
in the future 在將來
in general 一般說來，大體上
on (one’s) guard 警惕，提防;站崗，值班
in half 成兩半
at hand 近在手邊，在附近
by hand 用手，用體力
hand down 把…傳下去
hand in hand 手拉手;密切關聯地，同時並進地
in hand (工作等)在進行中;在控制中
on hand 在手邊，在近處
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
at heart 內心裡，本質上
by heart 憑記性
at home 在家，在國內;舒適，無拘束;熟悉，精通
in hono(u)r of 為紀念，為了向…表示敬意
on/upon one’s hono(u)r 以名譽擔保
in a hurry 匆忙，急於
for instance 例如;比如
at intervals 不時，每隔一段時間(或距離)
at (long) last 終於
at least 至少
at length 終於，最終;詳細地
in (the) light of 鑑於，由於
2.動詞+名詞
have/gain access to 可以獲得
take…into account 考慮到，顧及，體諒
take advantage of 佔…的便宜，利用
pave the way (for) 鋪平道路，為…作準備
pay attention to 注意
do/try one’s best 盡力，努力
get/have the best of 戰勝
make the best of 充分利用
get/have the better of 戰勝，在…中佔上風
catch one’s breath 屏息;喘氣，氣喘;歇口氣
take care 注意，當心
take care of 愛護，照料
take a chance 冒險，投機
take charge 開始管理，接管
keep…company 陪伴
take (a) delight in 以…為樂
make a difference 有影響，起(重要)作用
carry/bring/put into effect 使生效，實行，實現
come/go into effect 生效，實施
take effect 生效，起作用
catch sb’s eye 被某人看到，引起某人注意
keep an eye on 留神，照看，密切注意
make a face 做鬼臉
find fault with 抱怨，挑剔，找岔子
catch (on) fire 著火，開始燃燒
make fiends (with) 與(…)交朋友
be friends with 與…友好
make fun of 取笑，拿…開玩笑
keep sb’s head 保持鎮靜
in the world 究竟，到底
lose sb’s head 慌亂，倉皇失措
lose heart 喪失勇氣，失去信心
get/catch/take hold of 抓住，得到 [page]
keep house 管理家務
throw/cast light on/upon 使人瞭解，闡明
bear/keep in mind 記住
have in mind 考慮到，想到
make up one’s mind 下定決心，打定主意
bring/put into operation 實施，使生效，使執行
come/go into operation 施行，實行，生效
keep pace (with) 與(…)齊步前進，與(…)並駕齊驅
play a part (in) 起作用，參與，扮演角色
take place 發生，進行，舉行
take the place of 代替，取代
put into practice 實施，實行
make progress 進步，進展
give rise to 引起，導致為…的原因
make sense 講得通，有意義，言之有理
catch sight of 發現，突然看見
(go) on the stage 當演員
take one’s time 不著急，不慌忙
keep track of 與…保持聯絡
lose track of 失去與…的聯絡，不能跟上…的進展
make use of 利用
put to use 使用
give way 讓路;屈服，讓步;倒塌，坍陷
make one’s way 前往，行進，去
make way 讓路，騰出地方或位置
3.名詞片語的其他形式
appeal to 呼籲，懇求
attempt at 企圖，努力
attitude to/towards 態度，看法
a great/good deal of 大量，非常，極其
influence in 干涉，介入
interference with 妨礙，打擾
introduction to 介紹
a lot (of) 許多(的)，大量(的)
lots of 大量，許多
fall in love (with sb) 愛上(某人)
reply to 回答，答覆
trolley bus 電車
i.d. card 身份證
credit card 信用卡
no doubt 無疑地，很可能
next door 隔壁
out of doors 在戶外
face to face 面對面地
a few 有些，幾個
quite a few 不少，相當多
a little 一點，一些
little by little 逐漸地，一點點地
quite a little 相當多，不少
no matter 無論
the moment (that) 一…(就)
no more 不再
fair play 公平競賽，公平對待
rest room 廁所，盥洗室
primary school 國小
side by side 肩並肩地，一起
heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步地
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直，始終
once upon a time 從前
once in a while 偶爾
no wonder 難怪，並不奇怪
word for word 逐字地
decline with thanks 婉言謝絕
